[Parental risk perception of 0-3-year-old children exposure to household pesticides]. / Percepción del riesgo de toxicidad por exposición a plaguicidas domésticos en hogares con niños de 0 a 3 años.

The objective of this work was to know the practices and risk perception of household pesticides (HPs) of mothers and fathers of children in early developmental stages. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Quali tative research carried out in 2015. We conducted interviews in 18 homes with mothers and fathers of children aged 0 to 3 years registered in the General Health Insurance Plan of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires). The analytical categories were identified, interpre tive analytical categories of higher-level abstraction were conceptualized, and finally, diagrams were constructed to represent and organize the findings. RESULTS: The interviews showed that mothers and fathers: 1) used HPs regularly, 2) showed low concern for the health hazards of HPs and other hou sehold chemicals, except for a small, more sensitized group of parents, 3) they were more concerned regarding mosquito bites than exposure of their children to HPs, 4) relied on fumigation services and the normative framework that regulates them, and 5) expressed interest and willingness to receive more information and orientation from the pediatrician about the safe use of chemical products at home. Other analytical categories showed a constant parental adjustment between toxicity, patho genicity, hygiene, and well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Since home exposures levels to HPs considered safe for adults may be toxicologically relevant for young children, government and health agencies should provide parents with tools to decode HPs marketing and publicity messages, as well as to conceptua lize the relationship between HPs use and childhood health disorders.

Bisfenol-A: cuantificacion en orina de mujeres embarazadas por cromatografia gaseosa-espectrometria de masa / Bisfenol-A: quantification in urine of pregnant women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / Bisfenol-A: quantificacao em urina de gestantes por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa

El uso de bisfenol-A (BPA) a nivel de la industria global se ha venido incrementando en los ultimos anos, y fueron los mercados emergentes los impulsores de esta demanda creciente. Las aplicaciones de BPA en la industria de los alimentos y bebidas representan solo del 3 al 4% del consumo global de policarbonato, pero su uso esta siendo reexaminado debido a que se conocieron varios trabajos cientificos que indican la existencia de una relacion directa entre el BPA y los efectos adversos para la salud. La contaminacion de los alimentos y bebidas se produce por migracion del BPA desde los envases que los contienen (alimentos enlatados, vinos, etc.), y es la principal fuente de exposicion en el humano. Para evaluar dicha exposicion se desarrollo y valido un metodo analitico por cromatografia gaseosa acoplada a espectrometria de masa para la cuantificacion de BPA total en orina de mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires en el ano 2013, con un limite de cuantificacion de 2,0 ng/mL y un limite de deteccion de 0,8 ng/mL. De las 149 muestras de orina analizadas, el 66,4% fueron cuantificables, con la mediana de BPA total de 4,8 ng/mL (4,3 ng/mg de creatinina) y la media geometrica de 4,8 ng/mL (4,7 ng/mg de creatinina).

The use of bisphenol-A (BPA) at the level of the global industry has been increasing in recent years, with emerging markets being the drivers of this growing demand. BPA applications in the food and beverage industry represent only 3 to 4% of the global consumption of polycarbonate, but its use is being reexamined because several scientific works were reported indicating the existence of a direct relationship between BPA and adverse effects on health. The contamination of food and beverages is produced by the migration of BPA from the containers that hold them (canned foods, wines, etc.) and it is the main source of exposure in humans. To evaluate this exposure, an analytical method was developed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the quantification of total BPA in urine of pregnant women treated at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires in 2013, with a limit of quantification of 2.0 ng/mL and of detection of 0.8 ng/mL. Of the 149 urine samples analyzed, 66.4% were quantifiable, with a median total BPA of 4.8 ng/mL (4.3 ng/mg creatinine) and a geometric mean of 4.8 ng/mL (4.7 ng/mg creatinine).

O uso de bisfenol-A (BPA) ao nivel da industria global foi aumentando nos ultimos anos, e foram os mercados emergentes que deram impulso a essa demanda crescente. As aplicacoes de BPA na industria de alimentos e bebidas representam apenas 3 a 4% do consumo global de policarbonato, mas seu uso esta sendo reexaminado visto que varios trabalhos cientificos indicando a existencia de uma relacao direta entre o BPA e os efeitos adversos na saude foram conhecidos. A contaminacao dos alimentos e bebidas e produzida pela migracao de BPA das embalagens que os contem (alimentos enlatados, vinhos, etc.) e e a principal fonte de exposicao em humanos. Para avaliar esta exposicao, foi desenvolvido e avaliado um metodo analitico por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas para a quantificacao do BPA total na urina de gestantes atendidas no Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires em 2013, com um limite de quantificacao de 2,0 ng/mL e um limite de deteccao de 0,8 ng/mL. Das 149 amostras de urina analisadas, 66,4% foram quantificaveis, com uma mediana de BPA total de 4,8 ng/mL (4,3 ng/mg de creatinina) e a media geometrica de 4,8 ng/mL (4,7 ng/mg de creatinina).

Fetal exposure to bisphenol A: Presence of bisphenol A in urine of pregnant women assisted in a hospital in the City of Buenos Aires. Year 2013. / [Exposición fetal a bisfenol A: Presencia de bisfenol A en orina de mujeres gestantes asistidas en un hospital de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Año 2013.]

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor (ED) possibly linked to adverse reproductive and neurodevelopmental effects that is used as an additive in food and beverage containers. There are no data of BPA levels in the Argentine population. The objective of this study was to measure BPA in the urine of pregnant women. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Detection of BPA in pregnant women of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires in 2013, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with a limit of quantification of 2 ng / ml and detection of 0.8 ng / ml. The proportion of women exposed to BPA within the 95% confidence interval (IC 95%) is described. Results: 149 pregnant women, average age 32 years (Standard Deviation 5.3), 81% (95% CI 73.9-86.9) workers and 83.7% (95% CI 76.7-89.1) have university or higher education, 66.4% (95% CI 58-74.0) of the urinary samples were quantifiable, with a median BPA of 4.3 ng/mg Cr (RI 3.2-6.7). Conclusions: This study shows that exposure to BPA during the process of embryonic development in a sector of the population of Argentina is widespread. In Argentina, the use of this ED is only regulated in baby bottles.

Introducción: El Bisfenol A (BPA) es un disruptor endócrino (DE) posiblemente vinculado a eventos adversos reproductivos y del desarrollo neurológico que se utiliza como aditivo en envases plásticos de alimentos y bebidas. En la población argentina no existen datos sobre niveles de BPA en orina. El objetivo del estudio fue medir la presencia de BPA en orina de embarazadas. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Detección de BPA en orina de embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires en el año 2013. La técnica utilizada fue cromatografía gaseosa asociada a espectrometría de masa con un límite de cuantificación de 2 ng/ml y de detección de 0,8 ng/ml. Se describe la proporción de mujeres con exposición al BPA con su intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: se analizaron 149 muestras de orina de embarazadas de edad promedio 32 años (Desvío Standard 5,3), el 81% (IC95% 73,9-86,9) trabaja y el 83,7% (IC95% 76,7-89,1) posee nivel universitario y/o posgrado.El 66,4% (IC95% 58,2-74,0) de las muestras urinarias presentaron BPA cuantificable, siendo la mediana de BPA de 4,3 ng / mg creatinina (Rango Intercuartilo 3,2-6,7). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que la exposición a BPA durante el proceso de formación embrionaria en un sector de la población de Argentina, es generalizada. En Argentina solo está regulado el uso de este DE en mamaderas.

[Gaps between prescription of anti-hypertensive and hypertension control in older adults of Buenos Aires suburbs]. / Brechas entre la prescripción de antihipertensivos y el control de la hipertensión en adultos mayores de los CAPS del conurbano bonaerense.

BACKGROUND: Medications delivered to primary care centers (PCC) all over the country through the Remediar program (RP) covers 80% of the most prevalent diseases. Among them, the prevalence of hypertension is 77% of 65 years or older. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pharmacological treatment and its appropriateness, and to understand needs and barriers among hypertensive beneficiaries of RP at Buenos Aires suburbs. Method Qualitative-quantitative triangulation: cross-sectional study with revision of medical records (MR) and in-depth interviews between December/2008 and February/2009 to hypertensive patients of 65 years or older and CAPS's staff. Prevalence of correct treatment (CT); appropriate Indication (AI); Optimal control (OC) were analyzed. RESULTS: The following PCCs were selected: Moreno, Tigre, Lomas de Zamora, Lanus and San Isidro. Prevalence of: CT: (10.2%; 95%CI 6,7-15,1); AI: (84.8%; 95% CI 80-89 ), and OC: 11,6% (95%CI 7-16) and OC among patients with good registry: 35.7% (95%CI 24,9-48,1). Eighty two % of patients received a prescription for enalapril. Deficient registry was detected in MR. Interviewees expressed difficulties in accessing treatment, lack of medication and use of alternative circuits to get them. Both, staff and patients were exposed to barriers generated by CAPSs and RP. CONCLUSIONS: A low degree of blood pressure control was observed, even with adequate prescription. Multifactorial problems explain several barriers to access and maintain hypertension treatment.